“Hello! You’ve reached the voicemail of [your name], [your job title]. I’m currently either away from my desk or on the other line. Please leave your name, telephone number, and a short message after the beep, and I’ll be sure to get back to you as soon as I’m available.”
A digital recorder is nice and all, but if you plug a recorder directly into an iPhone using a 3.5mm audio cable, you're not going to hear the call. Using the iPhone headphone jack—assuming your iPhone is so old that it even has one—cuts off the speaker. Get the Recap-C, a $99 adapter that plugs into an older iPhone's 3.5mm jack, with output to a headset as well as to a recorder. The secondary recorder—connected via a 3.5mm male-to-male auxiliary audio cable—is up to you. It could even be another iOS device (or Android or PC, but stick with the digital recorder for simplicity).

2.) Вы подключены к почтовому ящику г-на Васи Пупкина. Пожалуйста, оставьте сообщение, чтобы Г-Н Пупкин мог перезвонить вам как можно скорее. Большое спасибо за ваш звонок.
Forget about messing around with apps. There’s a powerful voicemail handling system built into nearly every big carrier today — and that system almost always includes a system for recording a voice message and sending it directly without ringing the target phone. I will walk you through the process of doing this on Straight Talk (since that happens to be my carrier) but most carriers will have similar systems.